date:Jul 05, 2013
of exposure to pesticides from: spray deposits or dust particles; consumption of pollen; consumption of nectar; consumption of water (guttation fluid, surface water and puddles). A further element considered is exposure to metabolites of pesticides in pollen and nectar.
The schemes quantify the risk to bees using specific protection goals (SPGs), which were set in consultation with EU risk managers. SPGs define the maximum acceptable level of harm that can be caused to bees as measured against